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Pro poor solid waste management Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz

Pro poor solid waste management Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz

Pro poor solid waste management Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz

  • 1. Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid WasteManagement for Secondary Cities and Small Towns Saadullah Ayaz IUCN PakistanIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 2. Solid Waste Management Situation~ main challenges in urban areas of Pakistan? Solid Waste generation in Pak (Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)Total Production= 20.024 million tones/ year or 59 thousand tones/ day (approx) (discluding 3% hazardous waste)Per capita= 0.61 kg/ day (average for cities) 0.23 kg/capita/day (avg. sub- urban and rural areas)Growth rate= 2.4% per year (approx) IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 3. Waste composition (% weight) (sample: 6 cities Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta) (Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)Type of Solid waste Percentage by weightFood waste (kitchen garbage, vegetables, fruits) 21.7Yard waste (braches/ twigs, leaves/ grass) 17.1Animal waste 9.1Soil/ rubble 9.2Textile based material 7.4Plastics (all types) 7.1Glass 6.27Paper 6.0Rubber (tyres, gaskets, old footwear) 5.3Wood (lumber, wood products/ residue) 3.2Hospital waste 2.1Ferrous metal (iron, steel, tins) 1.8Non- ferrous metal (aluminum, copper, brass, lead) <1Bones and ash <1Ceramics <1Other waste <1IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 4. Methods for Disposal Average taken of five cities Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi/ Islamabad and Peshawar (Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)Practice Percentage by weightMSW brought to designated dumping site 28.6Garbage thrown in open spaces 27.8Dumped in or near water bodies/ drainage 16.3Rubbish burned in the open 10.4Collected recyclables 7.23Composting (formal and informal) 5. 21Brought to a sanitary landfill (Lahore only) 4.20Collection coverage52- 69 percent in cities3-9.4 percent in sub- urban and rural areasIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 5. Recycling Situation/ Industry- Almost 20-30 percent of solid waste in Pakistan is recycled- Recycling is done informally and not regulated anywhere in Pakistan~ no basic recycling rules available- Mostly done by scavengers, who sell these recyclables of scrap merchants- No formal recycling industry exists, these material are recycled as additional raw material by production industry (small industry)- Major recycled items include; paper, plastic, glass, metal (iron, aluminum, lead)- Rubber/ tyres are used as additive fuel in brick kiln industryIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 6. Government of Pakistan Policies and Programmes on Solid Waste ManagementNational Environmental Policy, Gov. of Pakistan (2005) Clause 3.3states “solid waste may be prevented and reduced) and proposes;a. Strict enforcement of National Environmental Quality Standards and Monitoring and Reporting System,g. Encourage reduction, recycling and reusing of Municipal Solid Waste,i. Develop and enforce rules and regulations for proper management of municipal, hazardous and hospital waste,Programme: Ministry of Health, Gov. of Pakistan launched a wastemanagement plan (May 2009) for hospital waste in all provinces of Pakistanwith cost of PKR. 1.6 Billion IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 7. CDM project in in Pakistan (SWM) (only One)Composting of Organic Content of Municipal Solid Waste inLahore, PakistanMethodology: Approved baseline and monitoring methodology AM0025 version 9. Titled “Avoided emissions from organic waste through alternative waste treatment processes”Objectives:- Produce organic fertilizer from solid municipal organic waste through state of the art aerobic windrow type composting technology.- To help in achieving the objectives of combating climate change under UNFCCC by reducing significant amount of greenhouse gas (Methane) emissions and contributes to the regional and national sustainable development. IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 8. Host Country Approval: August 2008Project Owner: Lahore Compost (Pvt) LimitedProject Sponsors: Lahore Compost (Pvt) Limited IBRD as trustee of the Danish Carbon Fund Saif Holdings LimitedCost: US$ 5.5 millionEmission reduction: 7844 tones CO2 eqv./ yearCarbon buyers: Open market+ Danish Carbon Fund+ World BankCurrent status: under registration with UNFCCC, Executive Board IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 9. Sustainability/ Social benefits of the project:- Reduce GHG emissions- Production of cheap organic fertilizer ~ agriculture development- Transfer of modern technology (state of art Menart technology)- Increases skilled labor opportunities (about 80 full-time jobs)- Improving the environment quality of Lahore city IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 10. Examples of innovative approaches in SWMPilot on “Participatory Solid Waste Management” under Project‘Building Coalitions for Change to Implement Pro-Poor EnvironmentalFiscal Reforms (EFR)’ (IUCN 2009)Target area: Nawanshehr town, district AbbottabadObjective: Development and operationalization of a Participatory Solid Waste Management System for Pro- poor Fiscal ReformsComponents:i. Social Mobilization: dialogue with community groups, youth associations, shopkeepers, school children and women folks,Operationalization of a Youth Forum Citizens’ seminar, targeted meetings, door to door campaign, distribution of awareness raising material IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 11. ii. Social Organization 62 community activists (male and female) involved, trained in PSWM Environmental Committees in 7 hamlets constituted (headed by lane manger and supported by community activists) Trainings imparted on waste collection/ disposal, collectables/ recyclables, compositing/ kitchen gardening, route planning for waste collection, dumping after 24 hrs.iii. Improved measures for primary collection 9 beads developed (comprising of 100- 120 houses) Privately hired community waste collectors in 9 hamlets Improved outturn/ equipment of waste collectors (including safety gear) practice of dumping after 24 hrs. IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 12. iv. Improved secondary collection system Route planning for collection, preparation of area maps Improved tools/ equipment Modern properly designated permanent waste dumping sites (09) Improvisation of waste dumping trolley for efficiency (hydraulic system)v. Introduction of Pro- Poor Fiscal Instruments in SWM Revenue generation from recyclables in 7 schools Community hired waste collector (paid through contribution) Composting practice/ kitchen gardening (total 19) Regulation of waste merchants (18 Nos.) tax being paid to local administration IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 13. Mobilization through SeminarsIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 14. Training Community activistsIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 15. School children in collection of recyclablesIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 16. Kitchen gardening (from Compost)IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 17. Improved door- to door collection, improved tools and turn out of sanitary workersIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 18. New concreted collection pointsIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 19. New hydraulic dumping trolleyIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 20. ResultsIUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
  • 21. Saadullah Ayaz Climate Change/Clean Air Coordinator IUCN- Pakistan